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</html>";s:4:"text";s:22208:"98% of cobalt production is mined as a by-product Technologies include both underground and surface mining. Final Report. More information: Addressing the social life cycle inventory analysis data gap: Insights from a case study of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, One Earth (2021). A detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of cobalt production based on industry data was conducted by the Cobalt Institute (2016), though much of the study remains confidential.  A model of the battery pack was made in the life-cycle assessment-tool, openLCA. Cobalt and Embolic (scores: 22.5 Pt and 27.4 Pt, respectively) have less of an environmental impact than the other . Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14040:2006, 2006 ) (ISO 14044:2006, 2006 ISO, 2006). According to ISO 14040, LCA is divided into 4 phases: Definition of the objective and scope, analysis of the life cycle inventory, evaluation of the environmental impact of the life cycle and interpretation. On behalf of the COBRA initative, Dr. Victor Jos Ferreira presented &#x27;Life-cycle Analysis of a Cobalt-free Li-ion battery to support the renewable energy tra. summary of the life-cycle assessment (LCA) process and methodology, provided a literature review of more than 25 existing LCA studies of various lamp types , and performed a meta-analysis comparing LED lamps with incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Life-cycle Analysis of Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Water Consumption in the 2016 MYPP Algal Biofuel Scenarios: Edward Frank, Ambica Pegallapati, Ryan Davis, Jennifer Markham, Andre Coleman, Sue Johnes, Mark Wigmosta, Yunhua Zhu . We follow the existing approach to set the functional unit as the delivery of 1-kWh electricity over the life cycle of LIBs (20, 24, 25).Notably, the unit CED based on this functional unit is essentially the inverse of the energy return on investment, an important metric to measure the net energy profitability (36-38).Three popular EOL scenarios are assessed and compared, including . Through their special characteristics, they also act as a technology enabler providing opportunities for innovation and new applications for cobalt. More specifically, the evaluation places a high value on studies where detailed process-specific data are presented; ideally, those where unit process flows have been either provided or referenced. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of the Solar Home System is performed and a hybrid energy storage plant integrating hydrogen and batteries is proposed to face the problem of seasonal solar radiation variability. The study, &quot;Addressing the social life cycle inventory analysis data gap: Insights from a case study of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,&quot; was supported by Leslie and Mac McQuown, the Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems and the Carnegie Corporation. (2014). Mine production of cobalt, by primary product, 2013-2020 (%) A small quantity is produced specifically from one of a number of metallic-lustered ores, such as cobaltite (CoAsS). Methods Nine companies, comprising 19 . The partnership conducted a screening-level life-cycle assessment (LCA) of currently manufactured lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technologies for electric vehicles, and a next generation battery component (anode) that uses single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) technology. Drawing from the Part 1 findings, Part 2 The study was carried out as a process-based attributional life cycle assessment. This memo documents updates for life cycle analysis (LCA) of cobalt and cobalt chemicals production in the GREET model. The environmental impacts were analyzed using midpoint indicators. (2016). [13] lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium titanate oxide (LTO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), nickel cobalt aluminium . This study presents the life cycle assessment (LCA) of three batteries for plug-in hybrid and full performance battery electric vehicles. Li-NCM lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide . The updated life cycle inventory (LCI) covers material and energy flows associated with cobalt ore mining, cobalt ore processing, cobalt Nazmul Huda, senior lecturer in mechanical engineering at Macquarie University in Sydney, recently co-authored a life-cycle analysis of the environmental and human health impacts of cobalt . Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to assess the environmental impact of copper exploitation and to compare that impact with the estimated impact of cobalt extraction in the Lubin mine. On October 29, First Cobalt announced: &quot;First Cobalt releases refinery life cycle assessment.&quot; Highlights include: . The life cycle assessment results showed that both the global warming potential and acidification potential are positive which means that the production of corn ethanol via dry milling contributes . Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology, commonly used for the environmental assessment of vehicle technologies (or any other . The environmental impact assessment was conducted with the life-cycle impact assessment methods recommended in the Batteries Product Automotive batteries constitute, together with the powertrain, the main differences between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. A metal industry wide agreed approach on by-products and allocation was applied. . . An approach for integrating life-cycle assessment (LCA) into the eco-design of lighting products was developed, and LCAs of five lighting products that are currently on the market were then carried out using this approach. crocs product life cycle. Credit: Nature Sustainability (2022). The life cycle assessment of the cobalt extraction route is carried out. With linnaeite- dominated ores, the equivalent values were 20.4 kg CO 2 -eq and 11.0 kg CO 2 -eq. ME&amp;P Material Extraction and Processing . Industry-leading ESG practices and environmental stewardship are important to us, as they are to our partners and our stakeholders.&quot; Through the life cycle assessment (LCA) results and sensitivity analysis, we found that the electricity mix and energy efficiency significantly influence the environmental impacts of both battery production and . Overall, the research methodology and application presented by this life cycle assessment informs future energy and environmental impact assessment studies that want to assess existing recycling processes of LIB or other emerging technologies.  Carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emission are highest from cobalt mining. Cobalt-Nickel precipitation pilot . Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the widely used tools to evaluate the environmental impacts of the products and services . Many thyroid conditions have been and continue to be incorrectly diagnosed through exclusive use of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) testing as the sole signifier of possible thyroid dysfunction. In electric and hybrid vehicles Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), batteries play a central role and are in the spotlight of scientific community and public opinion. Cobalt Mining Cobalt is mined across the world and the vast majority is produced as a by-product from large scale copper and nickel mines. This paper uses a life cycle assessment to compare a Tesla Model S car to a comparable four door luxury sedan. A locked padlock) or https:// means you&#x27;ve safely connected to the .gov website. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool to assess the potential environmental impacts and resources used throughout a product&#x27;s life cycle, i.e., from material preparation, via production and use phases, to waste management (ISO, 2006). In 2015, the Cobalt Institute completed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of cobalt, focussing on cobalt metal, which was the first of its kind in the cobalt sector. Cobalt Life Cycle Analysis Update for the GREET Model: Q. Dai, J. Kelly, A. Elgowainy: 09-01-2018: . This paper . A detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of cobalt production based on industry data was conducted by the Cobalt Institute ( 2016 ), though much of the study remains confidential. DOI: 10.1016 . al, under review). The aim of this study was to provide a transparent inventory for a lithium-ion nickel-cobalt-manganese traction battery based on primary data and to report its cradle-to-gate impacts. For this reason, many decision makers and researchers wondered whether energy and . . Worldwide, almost all technology-intensive industries depend on readily available metallic raw materials. Purpose To support the data requirements of stakeholders, the Nickel Institute (NI) conducted a global life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to show, with indicators, the potential environmental impacts of the production of nickel and ferronickel from mine to refinery gate. DOI: 10.1016 . With cobaltite-dominated ores (High Ascase), the global warming potential (GWP) was estimated to be 20.9 kg CO 2 -eq, of which 12.7 kg CO 2 -eq was attributed to the hydrometallurgical process. The study did . Life Cycle Assessment: C4V Lithium-Ion Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles . . The study relied primarily on ecoinvent 2.2 data and secondary data from various literature sources. A transparent life cycle inventory (LCI) was compiled in a component-wise manner for nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion (NCM), and iron phosphate lithium-ion (LFP) batteries. . The vast majority of cobalt is produced and distributed by mining and trading companies which adhere to CIRAF or comparable industry accepted frameworks and standards. Life-Cycle Assessment Socio-Economic Value Industry Initiatives . This dataset contains the background data for the paper &#x27;Effects of the energy transition on environmental impacts of the cobalt supply: A prospective Life Cycle Assessment study on the future cobalt supply&#x27; as published in the Journal of Industrial Ecology. Purpose Life cycle assessment (LCA) literature evaluating environmental burdens from lithium-ion battery (LIB) production facilities lacks an understanding of how environmental burdens have changed over time due to a transition to large-scale 4.1.2. 1.2 LCA approach A life cycle assessment (or LCA) is a technique for assessing potential impacts, including upon the environment and human health and well-being, associated with a product, system or service.  Lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (Li-NCM) for electric vehicles; and; Life Cycle Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Automotive Applications Qiang Dai *, Jarod C. Kelly , Linda Gaines and Michael Wang . A transparent life cycle inventory (LCI) was compiled in a component-wise manner for nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion (NCM), and iron phosphate lithium-ion (LFP) batteries. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-022-00895-8. The battery systems were investigated with a . Scientific Reports - Life cycle impact assessment of metal production industries in Australia. Cobalt and its compounds play a fundamental role in improving the efficient use of resources and the recyclability of end products. It is an important support tool for screening and developing an efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly product. Nonetheless, the NCA batteries had obtained a net credit due to the inclusion of nickel and cobalt recycling in the end-of-life stage. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Life Cycle Assessment of a Smartphone. This thesis assessed the life-cycle environmental impact of a lithium-ion battery pack intended for energy storage applications. 2011) or cobalt (Baars et al., 2021; Ciez &amp; Whitacre, 2019; Skeete et al., . lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, and rare earths) used in batteries and electric motors. Global cycle of metals. The demand for cobalt in electric vehicles and energy storage is set to increase over the coming years. Nazmul Huda, senior lecturer in mechanical engineering at Macquarie University in Sydney, recently co-authored a life-cycle analysis of the environmental and human health impacts of cobalt production from raw . It generated an industry-supported cradle-to-gate life cycle inventory (LCI) and impact assessment results for refined cobalt. Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority . Purpose Life cycle assessment (LCA) literature evaluating environmental burdens from lithium-ion battery (LIB) production facilities lacks an understanding of how . The evaluation of battery life-cycle studies reviewed herein is based on a process life-cycle assessment framework. Compared to the cathode with cobalt, the Li-rich material generates fewer impacts in terms of human health and ecosystem quality. 10.2991/ict4s-16.2016.15. Recent work emphasizing implications of material scarcity and criticality for clean energy technologies Resources/Skills I can offer Resources/Skills I could use:  Material compositional characterization (XRF, ICP-OES)  Environmental impact assessment and material flow analysis (MFA . On behalf of the COBRA initative, Dr. Victor Jos Ferreira presented &#x27;Life-cycle Analysis of a Cobalt-free Li-ion battery to support the renewable energy tra. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to quantify and compare the environmental impacts of LFP and NCM batteries. Among them, nickel-cobalt aluminium oxide cells resulted to be the most suitable solution for a Solar Home System (46.66 Pts/MWh). The primary cobalt and nickel resources in China with lower grade and difficult mining led to the high energy consumption of . Vision to prepare this life cycle assessment (LCA) comparing the environmental impacts of PEVs to conventional vehicles. endocrinologists and many other physicians to be the only indicator required to produce an accurate and comprehensive . by University of Bayreuth. Apart from the phases of production, the first use in EVs, and recycling, the repurposing of retired LIBs and their secondary use in the ESS were also included in the system boundary.  Eutrophication and global warming are the most affected impact categories. In this article, life cycle assessment of NCM cathode material production using coprecipitation method in China was conducted based on ReCiPe method. ERM conducted a peer-reviewed life cycle assessment (LCA) with participation from eight major cobalt producers, who produce cobalt as a by-product from either nickel or copper production.The new dataset has been used as part of the EU Product Environmental Footprint Pilot on rechargeable batteries, and has been incorporated into LCA databases. This study analyzes the cradle-to-gate total energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, SOx, NOx, PM10 emissions, and water consumption associated with current industrial production of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries, with the battery life cycle analysis (LCA) module in the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use . The environmental impacts of the main processes were calculated. Life cycle assessments have also been conducted for individual cars [4]. Based on data pertaining to cobalt commodity trade, cobalt loss during raw material processing, and recovered cobalt, we analysed the actual cobalt consumption in China. The study showed that the batteries that use cathodes with nickel and cobalt, as well as solvent-based electrode processing, have the highest potential for environmental impacts. The analysis of the life cycle emissions of EV is based on a study carried out by Dr. Maarten Messagie, Brussels VUB university MOBI research center.1 It . Considering Minara Resources produced small amounts of cobalt in their process, the emissions of . Cobalt industry updates a guideline to increase transparency across value chain 01 June 2022 Electric Vehicles Become the Major Driving Force for Cobalt Demand Growth in 2021 17 May 2022 David Weight Cobalt Scholarship Announced: Assessing the Circular Economy Potential of Cobalt in the UK 03 May 2022 The Cobalt Value Chain Ercan, Mine &amp; Malmodin, Jens &amp; Bergmark, Pernilla &amp; Kimfalk, Emma &amp; Nilsson, Ellinor. The study did however consider cobalt as a coproduct of other metals production and, therefore, the multifunctionality of the metal mining and production processes. Life cycle. Downloads. Unfortunately, there&#x27;s very little information on  or assessment of  the environmental impact of these bigger cobalt mines. Life cycle assessment can be used to evaluate the environmental issues involved in the entire product production process (including raw material acquisition, production, transportation, use/maintenance and final disposal). @article{Qiao2022ExploringPO, title={Exploring potential opportunities for the efficient development of the cobalt industry in China by quantitatively tracking cobalt flows during the entire life cycle from 2000 to 2021}, author={Donghai Qiao and Tao Dai and Gaoshang Wang and Yanling Ma and Hailong Fan and Tianming Gao and Bojie Wen}, journal . Life cycle assessment and process simulation of prospective battery-grade cobalt sulfate production from Co-Au ores in Finland Authors: Marja Rinne Aalto University Heini Elomaa Metso Outotec Mari. . Through the life cycle assessment (LCA) results and sensitivity analysis, we found that the electricity mix and energy efficiency significantly influence the environmental impacts of both battery production and . Life cycle environmental impacts of a . In this study, we examined how transitioning to highernickel, lower-cobalt, and high-performance . Cobalt compounds are also used in the electrodes for nickel-based batteries (Ni-Cd and Ni-MH) in the form of chemical precursors for production of cobalt dihydroxide. included nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion (NCM), and iron phosphate lithium-ion (LFP). The functional unit is defined as &quot;per km driving of a mid-sized BEV under U.S. average conditions with an overall 200,000 kilometers driving distance, representing approximately 10- years of service life.&quot; They did a bottom -up approach and assumed the same energy consumption of battery pack assembly as NMC-graphite batteries. The global . For years, researchers have been conducting environmental life cycle assessments (E-LCA), in which they comprehensively and systematically calculate the environmental impacts of a product all the. first life-cycle assessment (LCA) to bring together and use life-cycle inventory data directly provided by Li-ion battery suppliers, manufacturers, and . In this paper, material flow analysis was used to quantitatively track cobalt material flows in China throughout the entire life cycle from 2000 to 2021. . . Abstract and Figures. This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the impacts of cobalt extraction process using a life cycle assessment by considering a cradle-to-gate system. cobalt oxide (NMC) chemistries, this study focuses on LIBs based on one NMC, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111), since it is the predominant cathode chemistry used in EVs that are currently sold in the The study, &quot;Addressing the social life cycle inventory analysis data gap: Insights from a case study of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,&quot; was supported by Leslie and Mac . Compared to the cathode with cobalt, the Li-rich material generates fewer impacts in terms of human health and ecosystem quality. &quot;We are proud to share the results of a life cycle assessment of the First Cobalt Refinery process and we are committed to using these findings to improve our flowsheet to achieve even higher standards. In . . This repository contains: Python code + readme to model the variables, generate presamples packages and generate LCA results based on those. of-life with a focus on recycling and resource recovery. Cobalt is only extracted alone in Morocco and some Canadian arsenide ores. The Cobalt Industry Responsible Assessment Framework (CIRAF) enables a coherent and consistent approach to cobalt due diligence and reporting by the cobalt industry. Unfortunately, there&#x27;s very little information on  or assessment of  the environmental impact of these bigger cobalt mines. Nazmul Huda, senior lecturer in mechanical engineering at Macquarie University in Sydney, recently co-authored a life-cycle analysis of the environmental and human health impacts of cobalt production from raw . Comparative Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles (Hawkins et. LCA Life cycle assessment LCD Liquid crystal display LCI Life cycle inventory LCIA Life cycle impact assessment LCO Lithium cobalt oxide LED Light emitting diode LPG Liquefied petroleum gas NOx Generic term for the mono-nitrogen oxides nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) PC Polycarbonate . There can be expected to be a massive increase in demand arising from a growth in electric . New life cycle assessment study shows useful life of tech-critical metals to be short. The processes covered in the intermediate 2.1 u0007Life cycle scope and the functional unit system include (i) the production of pre-fabricated cell com- ponents (cobalt sulfate solution used in the active cathode The small-scale factory is modelled using inventory data published by Ellingsen et al. 2.1. Cobalt concentrate heap leach assessment. This study analyzes the cradle-to-gate total energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, SOx, NOx, PM10 emissions, and water consumption associated with current industrial production of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries, with the battery life cycle analysis (LCA) module in the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use . . In this paper, material flow analysis was used to quantitatively track cobalt material flows in China throughout the entire life cycle from 2000 to 2021. This study presents the life cycle assessment (LCA) of three batteries for plug-in hybrid and full performance battery electric vehicles. Based on data pertaining to cobalt commodity trade, cobalt loss during raw material processing, and recovered cobalt, we analysed the actual cobalt consumption in China. 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